5 Mutation and the neutral theory

5.1 Mutation

5.1.1 Irreversible Mutation

5.1.2 Reversible mutation

5.2 Mutation and random genetic drift

5.2.1 Probability of fixation of a new neutral mutation

5.3 The neutral theory of molecular evolution

5.4 The infinite-alleles model

5.4.1 The Ewens Sampling formula

5.4.2 The Ewens-Watterson test

5.5 The infinite-sites model

5.5.1 Nucleotide polymorphism and nucleotide diversity

5.5.2 Tajima’s D statistic

5.5.3 The Fu and Li Test of Fit to neutral coalescence

5.6 Mutation and recombination

5.6.1 A model for the evolutionary benefit of recombination

5.6.2 Muller’s ratchet

5.6.3 Piecewise recombination in bacteria

5.6.4 Animal mitochodrial DNA